Understanding the link between menopause and cognitive health

Cognitive health refers to the overall well-being of cognitive abilities such as memory, attention, concentration, problem-solving skills, and processing speed.

In view of the wide spectrum of changes that menopause brings in its wake, Dr Amrita Chadalawada, MBBS, MD (Obstetrics & Gynecology), Doctor in residence, Miror shared that it is important to understand the link between menopause, dementia, and brain health. A proper understanding of this link is crucial for protecting the cognitive well-being of the person during and after menopause.

“During perimenopause and menopause, many women experience cognitive changes. This is a well-known fact. Yet, the impact on cognitive health continues to be an area of ongoing research and can vary from individual to individual. One fallout of menopause is said to be dementia,” the expert said. Though there is no direct connection between menopause and dementia, there may be associations and risk factors that need to be considered. Dementia is a complex condition influenced by genetics, age, and other factors.

What crucial role does female hormone play in brain health?

Estrogen, a female hormone, plays a vital role in brain health, including cognition and memory. The decline in estrogen levels during menopause may contribute to cognitive changes, such as difficulty with memory and concentration. “However, not all women experience cognitive decline during menopause. Staying mentally active through stimulating activities like reading, solving puzzles, and learning new skills can help maintain cognitive functions,” shared Dr Chandalawala.

Some women may notice mild changes in memory and concentration during menopause. This is referred to as “menopause-related cognitive impairment” or “brain fog”. Sleep disturbances, common during menopause, can also impact cognitive functions. Maintaining good sleep hygiene and seeking medical advice for persistent sleep problems are important.

Research suggests that women who experience early menopause or undergo surgical menopause may be at a slightly increased risk of developing dementia later in life. However, the overall risk is still relatively low, and many women do not develop dementia.

How to improve brain health during menopause

Several lifestyle factors can influence cognitive health during menopause. Regular physical exercise, a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids, mental stimulation, social engagement, and the use of stress management techniques can contribute to maintaining brain health.

Hormone therapy, particularly estrogen replacement therapy, has been studied as a potential intervention to mitigate cognitive decline during and after menopause. However, the decision to use hormone therapy should be made on an individual basis, considering the woman’s medical history, symptoms, and potential risks and benefits.

In conclusion, while menopause can be associated with cognitive changes and a potentially increased risk of dementia, women can take steps to protect their brain health. Leading a healthy lifestyle, staying mentally and socially engaged, and discussing potential interventions with healthcare professionals can contribute to maintaining cognitive functions during and after menopause.