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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects a significant number of women worldwide. While PCOS is primarily known for its impact on reproductive health, emerging research has shed light on its association with a heightened risk of developing diabetes, specifically type 2 diabetes.
PCOS is characterised by hormonal imbalances, ovarian cysts and irregular menstrual cycles. Women with PCOS often experience symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, weight gain and difficulties in conceiving. However, recent study reveals that PCOS extends beyond gynaecological concerns, as it also influences metabolic and cardiovascular health.
To know is PCOD a risk of diabetes, we spoke to Dr Manoj Lokhande Endocrinologist & Diabetologist.
PCOS as a Risk Factor for Diabetes
Insulin resistance is a key factor that links PCOS to diabetes. Many women with PCOS exhibit insulin resistance, which increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The precise mechanisms underlying this relationship are complex and multi-faceted, involving hormonal imbalances, chronic inflammation, and genetic predisposition.
Risk Factors
Several factors contribute to the increased risk of diabetes among women with PCOS:
Insulin Resistance
Insulin resistance is a hallmark of PCOS and a key factor linking it to diabetes. The exact mechanisms behind insulin resistance in PCOS are not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.
Obesity
According to the journal Nutrients, women with PCOS also struggle with weight management. Obesity further exacerbates insulin resistance and the risk of developing diabetes. Adipose tissue releases inflammatory substances that interfere with insulin signalling, leading to metabolic dysregulation.
Hormonal Imbalances
PCOS is characterised by elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) such as testosterone. These hormonal imbalances contribute to insulin resistance and impair glucose metabolism, further increasing the risk of diabetes.
Family History
A family history of diabetes, particularly in first-degree relatives, increases the likelihood of developing both PCOS and diabetes. Shared genetic and environmental factors may contribute to the co-occurrence of these conditions.
How To Prevent And Manage PCOS
Early detection and proactive management of PCOS can significantly reduce the risk of diabetes. Implementing lifestyle changes is vital for the prevention and management of PCOS and diabetes. Engaging in regular physical activity, adopting a well-balanced diet, and effectively managing weight can enhance insulin sensitivity and decrease the risk of developing diabetes.
Consulting healthcare professionals, such as gynaecologists, endocrinologists and dieticians, is essential for personalised guidance and appropriate treatment plans. Lifestyle modification, insulin sensitising drugs and supplementary therapy has a very much important role in Management.
The Bottomline
PCOS is not solely a gynaecological disorder, but also a significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance, hormonal imbalances, obesity and lifestyle factors contribute to the increased susceptibility to diabetes in women with PCOS. By understanding and addressing these risk factors, it is possible to mitigate the impact of PCOS on metabolic health and reduce the incidence of diabetes. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modifications and appropriate medical interventions are the key to managing both PCOS and diabetes effectively.
